Polish Energy Transition 2040: Energy Mix Optimization Using Grey Wolf Optimizer

Poland is facing demanding challenges to achieve a sustainable energy mix in the near future. Crucial and tough decisions must be made about direction of national economy, safety, environmental impact. Considering electricity heating demand forecast, this paper proposes an optimization model based on Grey Wolf Optimizer meta-heuristic support definition ideal considering investment operational costs. The proposed methodology uses present (the most recent values are from 2017) calibrate implemented EnergyPLAN tool. Afterwards, relates process allowing identification convenient 2040 Poland. obtained compared with those by Polish public entities showing advantage regarding global costs project nevertheless respecting same levels CO2 import export balance. expected savings can 1.3 billion euros year more than 8 million tonnes emission reduction. Sensitivity analysis decrease cost renewables-based sources also presented.